Dogs evolved in an open world. They could act naturally without unfair repercussions. They had space to run, interesting stimuli to sniff, and plenty of opportunities to move their bodies freely.
In today’s human society, these things come at a premium for our canine companions. While it’s important our pets can fit into our modern lives, it’s also important we meet their needs! Enter canine enrichment: A movement to provide our four-legged best friends with the kinds of experiences they evolved for—the activities that still bring them deep, instinctive joy. Proper mental and physical stimulation can be an important way to prevent unwanted behaviors and improve our pets’ overall quality of life.
We’ve put together a comprehensive guide to enrichment activities for our dogs. Here's everything you need to know to get started!
At its simplest, enrichment provides animals with opportunities to satisfy their innate urges. These activities “enrich” their lives by promoting mental and physical wellbeing!
If you ever visit a zoo or rehabilitated wildlife sanctuary, you might see signs and hear staff talk about the various forms of enrichment they provide their resident. In captivity caretakers usually make an effort to emulate an animal's natural habitat so they can engage in instinctual behaviors.
While a domestic dog’s natural habitat is living around people—dogs coevolved with humans starting more than 15,000 years argo—it’s also true that we’ve come a long way from the early days of the canine-human partnership. Common enrichment activities usually give our dogs the chance to safely dig, sniff, and emulate their predatory sequence (searching, stalking, chasing, fighting, celebrating, and consuming) without harming or disrupting the communities we live in.
Have you ever heard that a “tired dog is a good dog?” While exercise is important to keep our pets healthy, too much physical activity without appropriate mental stimulation can actually cause problems. We might create companions whose bodies never feel tired—and who have no idea how to slow down their brains! (Canines tend to develop cardio and muscle strength faster than humans do, so it’s easy to create a dog who can outlast us on the trails. And keeps outlasting us. Until we're exhausted, puffing out of breath, while they're still begging for more if we don't want them to chew up the couch later.)
Enrichment activities can be the perfect solution here. Paired with appropriate physical exercise, things like food puzzles, snuffle mats, and thoughtful training sessions can keep your dog entertained without running either of you to the ground.
Sounds like a win-win to us!
Our modern world can also be overwhelming for our dogs. Their senses of hearing and smell are much more keen than ours. Stimuli we barely notice (like city sirens or apartment building air fresheners) might be absolutely deafening to our pets.
Natural behaviors like sniffing and chewing can help our dogs relieve anxiety and feel more comfortable with their surroundings. In fact, there’s evidence that sniffing lowers a dog’s heart rate even as they walk. What’s more? The simple behavior of eating—regular food or special treats—can also calm our dogs down.
And enrichment activities don’t just reduce stress from potentially scary or overwhelming experiences. Mental stimulation can also build our dogs’ confidence in the first place! By learning to interact with a range of objects and move their bodies in various ways, our dogs learn that challenges aren’t scary—on the contrary, they often lead to good things.
This brings us to the importance of thoughtful socialization.
When we think of socialization, it’s easy to picture directly engaging with other people in social contexts: Talking with friends and family, playing games on a sports team, or heading to a work happy hour.
In reality, proper puppy socialization is more about exposure than interaction!
So what does that all have to do with enrichment? Canine enrichment activities can be the perfect way to gradually expose your dog to new experiences in environments they’re already comfortable with! Instead of feeling pressured to chase all the unique socialization spots in your local community, you can provide puzzle toys or obstacle courses inside your own home.
Every dog deserves enrichment—but the right enrichment activities aren’t one size fits all.
When in doubt, get in touch with your breeder, rescue, or professional trainer. They’ll help you understand what your dog was bred to do and how you can fulfill their breed-specific needs!
The opportunities to provide your dog with enrichment are pretty much endless. Just because your own canine companion might not like a popular toy, be as quick with certain games, or have the same preferences as your neighbor’s pet doesn’t mean there’s anything wrong with them. It simply means every animal is an individual!
Experiment with a few different enrichment activities to figure out what your own dog likes best.
We’ve broken down the main categories of canine enrichment—but it’s important to remember that many fun activities will overlap. The best outlets for our dogs combine several of the below elements to provide as much fulfillment as possible!
Food enrichment has become incredibly common. Most store-bought enrichment toys are specifically designed to feed our dogs’ meals in new and engaging ways!
Why the surge in popularity? For one thing, food puzzles are a great way for pet owners to test the enrichment waters. Every dog has to eat—and most of us have plenty of things already lying around the house that we can use to spruce up their meals. It’s often low effort but high impact.
Some examples of food enrichment for your dog:
Giving our dog’s problem-solving challenges is a great way to productively wear them out and build relevant skills for navigating the world around us. These activities are commonly called mental stimulation. At their best, they work both our pets’ bodies and brains.
Some examples of cognitive enrichment for your dog:
We addressed the potential dangers of too much physical activity (without appropriate mental outlets) above. But there’s no denying that exercise is important for our dogs to live their best lives! The key is to vary the type, length, and intensity of their activities to avoid creating a bored “super athlete.”
Some examples of physical enrichment for your dog:
You can learn more about calculating your own dog's unique exercise needs in this guide.
Dogs are social mammals. While not every dog loves strange people or other animals—and there’s absolutely no reason they need to!—it is important to provide our pets with plenty of opportunities to interact with family members and friends.
Some examples of social enrichment for your dog:
Our dogs have the same main senses we do (though their abilities differ—human eyes are better in the daylight while canine noses and ears put our own to shame). To change up your dog’s enrichment, spend some time thinking about what they see, hear, smell, taste, and feel! After all, variety is the spice of life.
Some examples of sensory enrichment for your dog:
Anyone who has known the love of a dog will tell you that they make our lives better. They help us learn new skills, meet more people, embrace novel challenges, and ultimately become stronger, smarter, more caring people.
It’s the least we can do to enrich their daily lives, too!
There is so much misinformation out there, we want to make sure we only provide the highest quality information to our community. We have all of our articles reviewed by qualified, positive-only trainers.
This is the trainer that reviewed this article:
Beth Joy, CPDT-KA, PMCT
Owner and Lead Trainer Unleashed Joy Dog Training - Mt. Airy, MD.
Certified Professional Dog Trainer (CPDT-KA)
www.unleashedjoy.com
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* All Sniffspot articles are reviewed by certified trainers for quality, please see bottom of article for details *
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